Hypoallergenic diet for children and adults: allowed and prohibited foods, menu

An urgent problem of a modern person is allergy. This is a type of response of the body to the action of special substances called allergens. A person finds them by breathing, eating, or coming into contact with the skin. Allergies can affect men and women, children and adults. The main method of its treatment and prevention is a diet with a hypoallergenic diet. It is suitable not only for allergy sufferers, but also for nursing mothers, who can improve the quality of breast milk with the help of such a menu.

What is a hypoallergenic diet?

In medicine, allergy is a condition in which there is an increased sensitivity to external or internal stimuli. In this case, the human body perceives harmless substances as antigens. Even with minimal contact of a person with an allergen, a large amount of IgE is produced. The mechanism of formation of an allergic reaction:

1. Immunoglobulin IgE, after the first contact with the allergen, detects it and combines with mast cells and basophils (cells of the immune system).
2. The result is a complex. It consists of an allergen, IgE, and a mast cell or basophil.
3. The basophil complex with the bloodstream penetrates into different organs: skin, nose, lungs, stomach, and with mast cells remains immobile.
4. After re-entering the body, basophils and mast cells secrete special substances - histamine and serotonin. They are necessary to combat the irritant.

Histamine with serotonin and causes allergic reactions: spasm of smooth muscle and expansion of capillaries, which leads to thickening of the blood and edema. Since allergies are often caused by food, diet should be included in the treatment regimen, in addition to antihistamines. It also plays an important role in allergic reactions to drugs used in poultry and animal husbandry (antibiotics, salicylates). The diet is based on the following principles:

• exclusion of products that include cross and causal allergens;
• eat only fresh produce;
• histamine-releasing rejection: products that cause the gastrointestinal tract to secrete histamine from its cells: chocolate, cow's milk, coffee, wheat bran, orange juice;
• restriction in the diet of animal proteins;
• exclusion of preserves and products with colorants, preservatives and flavorings;
• restriction of simple carbohydrates, salt, fried, spicy and salty foods, alcohol;
• rejection of histamine carriers: foods with a high level of histamines in the composition (tomatoes, strawberries, hazelnuts, cocoa, spinach).

General principles

For allergy sufferers, there is a special diet - table number 5 GA (hypoallergenic). It is based on the therapeutic diet n. 5, which is prescribed for diseases of the biliary system and liver. Adults should eat according to the principles of table number 5 for 3 weeks, children - 10 days. This is enough for the permanent disappearance of allergic manifestations. In the future, the diet is built with the following principles in mind:

• When symptoms begin to subside, you can switch from anti-allergy foods to a less restrictive diet and gradually expand your diet with foods with moderate allergenic activity.
• First, low-fat boiled white fish, bread, fresh onions, fruit puree, compotes are introduced.
• Throughout the diet, food is boiled or steamed. Frying and baking will increase the allergen content.
• Nutrition must be complete in terms of protein, fat, and slow carbohydrates.
• Each new dietary product is introduced no more than once every 3 days. If there is no negative reaction, you can leave it on the menu.
• The optimal nutritional option is fractional, in which the number of meals per day reaches 5-6 times.
• Products containing easily digestible carbohydrates are completely prohibited: sweets, honey, jam, chocolate. Instead of sugar, you can use aspartame, saccharin, or xylitol.
• If the cause of the allergy is not identified, all causally significant allergens should be excluded: strawberries, nuts, chocolate, honey, eggs, shellfish, caviar, citrus fruits, melon, tomatoes.
• It is important to enrich the diet with calcium, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties. This trace element is found in cottage cheese, fermented dairy products.
• All dishes containing an allergenic product are excluded from the diet menu. For example, if a reaction manifests itself in eggs, then you need to give up creams, mayonnaise, casseroles, and products rich in flour.

Indications

Dieting is not only effective for food allergies. A special diet helps reduce the influence of allergens and other groups (medicinal, fungal, pollen, domestic). With a diet, a person reduces the risk of increased clinical symptoms of the following diseases:

• Quincke's edema;
• allergic rhinitis;
• urticaria;
• pathologies of the digestive tract, in which the process of assimilation of nutrients is interrupted;
• atopic dermatitis;
• bronchial asthma;
• hay fever.

Hypoallergenic Food List

When preparing the first dishes, it is recommended to use vegetable broth without frying. It must be weak, that is. after 1-2 boils, the water is drained. It is allowed to add various garden herbs. From cereals it is useful to use oats, buckwheat, wheat. Potatoes are allowed as a garnish in the form of mashed potatoes, but only cooked in water. From fermented dairy products, you can use fresh low-fat cottage cheese, yogurt without additives.

To enrich the body with fats, it is necessary to introduce sunflower or olive oil into the diet. The pasta should only be made from durum wheat. Other hypoallergenic products:

Name	Calories per 100 g, kcal	Fat per 100 g, g	Carbohydrates per 100 g, g	Proteins per 100 g, g
Vegetables, herbs
Eggplant	24	0, 1	Four. Five	1, 2
Zucchini	24	0, 3	4. 6	0, 6
Cucumbers	fifteen	0, 1	2. 8	0, 8
Cabbage	27	0, 1	0, 1	1. 8
Pumpkin	19	0, 1	4. 3	0, 6
Broccoli	28	0, 4	5. 2	3, 0
Celery	12	0, 1	twenty-one	0, 9
Lentils	284	fifteen	42, 7	24, 0
Garlic	143	0, 5	29, 9	6. 5
Asparagus	twenty	0, 1	3. 1	1, 9
Onion	41	0. 0	10, 4	1. 4
Beans	123	0, 5	21, 5	7. 8
Cereals
Oatmeal	342	6. 1	59, 5	12, 3
Buckwheat	313	3. 3	62, 1	12, 6
Wheat bran	296	3. 8	53, 6	15, 1
Semolina	328	1. 0	73, 3	10, 3
Cereals	366	7. 2	69, 3	11, 9
Fruits
Peaches	46	0, 1	11, 3	0, 9
Nectarines	48	0, 2	11, 8	0, 9
Apples	47	0, 4	9, 8	0, 4
Pears	42	0, 2	10, 9	0, 4
Dairy products
Kefir 0%	thirty	0, 1	3. 8	3, 0
Kefir 1%	40	1. 0	4. 0	2. 8
Curd 0. 6%	88	0, 6	1. 8	18. 0
Meat
Cooked chicken	170	7. 4	0. 0	25, 2
Boiled turkey steak	130	1. 0	0. 0	25, 0
Boiled beef	254	16, 8	0. 0	25, 8
Beef stew	232	18, 3	0. 0	16, 8
A fish
Flounder	90	3, 0	0. 0	15, 7
Halibut	103	3, 0	0. 0	18, 9
Cod	69	0, 6	0. 0	16, 0
Seaweed	49	5. 1	0. 0	0, 8
Drinks
Rosehip juice	70	0. 0	17, 6	0, 1

Forbidden food

The list of prohibited foods includes fish and meat broths. It is also necessary to refuse a hypoallergenic diet of fatty varieties of red meat, poultry (goose and duck), whole milk and most types of sausages. Strong allergens are citrus fruits, sweets, seafood (squid, mussels, shrimp). The same applies to all salty foods, pickles, canned foods. The ban also includes:

• Currant;
• lemons, mangoes, grapes, grapefruits, pomegranates, bananas, oranges, tangerines;
• walnuts, raisins;
• carrots, salad peppers, tomatoes;
• White rice;
• jams, sweets, ice cream, cakes;
• condensed milk, sour cream 30%, 40%, cheese, cottage cheese 18%;
• vinegar, mayonnaise;
• lamb, smoked chicken, sausages, cold cuts, pork fat;
• semi-finished and preserved fish, mackerel, sardines, caviar;
• butter, margarine, coconut and palm oil;
• white desserts and dry wines, vodka, cognac, beer, liquor;
• cola, coffee, pepsi, sprite;
• blueberry.

Hypoallergenic diet menu

Keeping a food diary can help alleviate allergies when on a hypoallergenic diet. In it, you can record the foods or meals used in the diet and the reaction to them. Due to this, it will be possible to accurately identify allergens and exclude them from your menu. Plus, a journal makes it easy to keep track of how varied your diet is. This is important because scientists have found that with the same menu, the likelihood of developing allergies is higher. In the diary, you can prescribe various options for a hypoallergenic diet menu, and then buy only the necessary ingredients.

For children

A hypoallergenic menu for a child is built according to the same principles as for adults. There is only one important difference: with long-term adherence to such a diet, there is a high risk of protein, carbohydrate and micronutrient deficiency. This leads to a delay in physical development. Table number 5 is used according to the state of health for 7-10 days only for the start. Then the doctor selects individual hypoallergenic products for children. Menu options:

Diet menu option	Breakfast	Dinner	Dinner
1	Viscous buckwheat porridge, cheese, apple, tea.	Potato soup with noodles, steamed meat cutlet with stewed vegetables, compote.	Boiled meat with stewed potatoes, tea.
2	Oat flakes in water, dry crackers.	Lean beef soup without carrots, corn salad, Chinese cabbage, and cucumber salad.	Steamed beef meatballs with boiled cauliflower, compote.
3	Buckwheat flakes with kefir.	Mashed potatoes in water, boiled cauliflower, lean beef, red fruit jelly.	Chicken stew with peas and vegetables.

For adults

If the hypoallergenic diet for children lasts 7 to 10 days, adults can follow it for longer, up to 2 to 3 weeks. The letter in both cases practically does not present differences, since for its construction the same list of antiallergic products is used. Diet options for the day for adults:

Menu option	Breakfast	Dinner	Dinner
1	Buckwheat oatmeal puree, green tea with croutons, baked apple.	Steamed chicken cutlets, vegetable soup, rosehip broth.	Vinaigrette, tea with diet biscuits.
2	Semolina porridge in water, fresh low-fat cottage cheese, apple juice with biscuit.	Meat cutlets, vegetable soup with wheat semolina, tea with biscuits.	Pea puree, meatballs.
3	Cottage cheese casserole, kefir.	Beef cutlets, buckwheat porridge, vegetable soup.	Cabbage and zucchini soup, steamed cutlets, rosehip broth.

Hypoallergenic recipes

The basic principle for choosing recipes is that prepared meals should have a beneficial effect on the digestive tract. For this reason, salting, fermentation and fermentation are completely excluded. Steaming or boiling is considered gentle on the stomach. Such preparation methods help reduce the allergenic activity of the ingredients used. Fruits and vegetables are also best eaten not raw, but stewed or baked.

First

Mainly soups are included in the list of hypoallergenic first dishes. Potatoes are often used for cooking. It is recommended to pre-soak it in cold water. It takes a couple of hours to reduce the amount of starch in a vegetable. The soup broth should be the second or third. This means that after boiling, the liquid drains 1-2 times. So the fat content of the finished soup will be much lower.

Vegetable soup with wheat semolina

The peculiarity of this soup lies in a special ingredient: celery. Dishes that contain it are often found in different diets, including hypoallergenic ones. Celery tastes like carrots with parsley. Its leaves have a spicy and fresh aroma. The benefits of celery are manifested not only for allergies, but also for weight loss. In the soup according to this recipe, it is combined with potatoes, cabbage and dill. Garlic adds a bit of spice to the dish.

Ingredients:

• onions - 0. 5-1 pieces. ;
• white cabbage - 100 g;
• chopped wheat grains (bulgur) - 50 g;
• celery - 1 small root;
• water - 1. 5-1, 6 l;
• potato tubers - 3 pieces. ;
• dill or other greens - 1 branch;
• garlic clove - 2 pcs.

Cooking method:

1. Boil water, dip bulgur in it.
2. Next, cut the peeled potatoes and add them to the broth.
3. Peel the onion, chop finely, add to the rest of the ingredients.
4. Rinse the celery, dip it in broth.
5. After boiling again, reduce heat.
6. Cook over low heat for 15-20 minutes under the lid.
7. Scoop out some of the potatoes, puree, and go back.
8. Rinse the cabbage leaves, pat dry, chop and put into soup almost ready.
9. Cook for another 10 minutes, then remove and discard the celery.
10. Finely chop the vegetables and garlic cloves, season the soup with them.

Potato soup with noodles

This dish requires a minimal amount of food. The soup is suitable for both adults and children. Onions in the broth are practically not felt, as they are boiled. Due to the fact that the vegetables are placed at the beginning of cooking, the meat turns out to be very tasty. Lean beef is allowed to replace chicken, but this will make the soup a bit fatter and take 30-60 more minutes to cook.

Ingredients:

• small onion - 1 pc. ;
• greens - to your liking;
• chicken fillet - 800 g;
• premium noodles - 200 g;
• potato tubers - 4-5 pieces. ;
• water - 4 l.

Cooking method:

1. Pour the meat well washed with water, put the pan on maximum heat.
2. Bring to a boil, drain the liquid.
3. Pour the same amount of water again, bring to a boil again, remove the foam.
4. At this time, peel the onion from the peel, finely chop, add to the broth.
5. Reduce the heat to low, cook for 30-40 minutes until the meat is done, then take it out, cut it into chunks and send it back.
6. Cook the noodles separately in lightly salted water. This is necessary to prevent the broth from becoming cloudy due to sediment.
7. Peel, rinse and chop the potatoes. Dip the slices in the broth, cook for 5 minutes.
8. Then fill the soup with boiled noodles.

Second

The main dishes are also vegetables or meat. Cutlets, meatballs, meatballs and meatballs are mainly steamed. The meat can be shredded, goulash, and even beef stroganoff or souffle. In the recipe for the last dish, the minced meat is mixed with milk sauce, yolk and beaten whites. Soufflé is already suitable for the stage when food with a moderate degree of allergenicity begins to be gradually introduced. Vegetables can be served as a garnish for meat, but are only stewed, boiled, or baked, as frying increases the allergy to the ingredients.

Cabbage and zucchini puree soup

The advantage of the puree soup is a smooth and homogeneous consistency, so the dish does not irritate the stomach or intestines. In such recipes, not only meat is used, but also vegetables. An unusual combination: zucchini and cauliflower. The first vegetable has a neutral taste and is therefore combined with many ingredients. In addition, they have no contraindications. Cauliflower is not recommended for gastrointestinal problems.

Ingredients:

• zucchini - 2-3 pieces. ;
• onion head - 1 piece;
• celery - 5-7 stalks;
• parsley - 1-2 branches;
• water or weak vegetable broth - 1 liter;
• cauliflower - 1 small head of cabbage;
• low-fat sour cream - 100 g.

Cooking method:

1. Divide the cauliflower inflorescences into smaller ones, peel the zucchini, and then rinse the vegetables, including the celery.
2. Chop the onion head into cubes. Repeat the same with zucchini, celery, cauliflower.
3. Place all the vegetables in the bottom of a saucepan and cover with water. Boil, simmer until ingredients are soft.
4. Then cool, transfer to blender bowl, beat until smooth.
5. Pour the mass back into the saucepan, add sour cream, simmer for a couple of minutes.
6. When serving, sprinkle with chopped herbs.

Steamed meatballs

The knees are understood as one of the types of meatballs: small balls prepared from minced fish, poultry or other meats. The difference between dumpling batter and chop batter is that it is fluffier and more tender. For this reason, meatballs are more suitable for children's hypoallergenic and dietary diets. Another feature of such a dish is steam cooking, which is why the meat retains more vitamins. Also, steamy hot flashes are easier for the stomach to digest.

Ingredients:

• low-fat milk - 2 tablespoons;
• egg whites - 2 pieces. ;
• beef pulp - 800 g;
• wheat bread - 1 slice.

Cooking method:

1. Soak the bread in half of the entire portion of milk, let it rest for half an hour.
2. At this time, mince the meat through a meat grinder.
3. Squeeze the bread, add to the minced meat, grind everything through a colander.
4. Mix the resulting mass well, add the egg whites.
5. Pour in the remaining milk.
6. Shape minced meat into medium balls and place on a steaming plate. Cook for 15 minutes.

Dessert

Although sweets are forbidden with a hypoallergenic diet, you can still diversify your menu with treats. You just need to cook them correctly. The best hypoallergenic desserts are based on fruit, kefir, or cottage cheese. The main thing is that fermented dairy products are not acidic. A regular pear, cut into chunks or ground to a puree state, will add sweetness. Cottage cheese is the best base for a casserole. It can also be prepared with the addition of permitted fruits. Baked apples are a popular dessert of the latter. They are even combined with cottage cheese, it turns out tasty and healthy.

Cottage cheese casserole

Since eggs belong to the category of products with a high degree of allergenic activity, it is not recommended to use them with a hypoallergenic diet, especially for children. The casserole can be prepared without these ingredients. Flour is also easy to replace with semolina, which will give the dish a thick consistency. To add a sweet taste, it is allowed to add hypoallergenic fruits to the curd. Sugar should be added after the end of a strict diet, that is, after 7-10 days.

Ingredients:

• pear - 3 pieces. ;
• low-fat cottage cheese - 400 g;
• sugar - 1 teaspoon;
• semolina - 4 tbsp. l. ;
• kefir or yogurt without additives - 3 tbsp. l.

Cooking method:

1. Take a bowl, where to put cottage cheese with yogurt or kefir, mix well.
2. Add cereals, sugar. Stir again.
3. Wash the pears, peel them, chop them finely.
4. Add fruit to curd mass, stir, transfer to greased baking dish.
5. Send to the oven for half an hour. The optimal temperature is 180 degrees.

Baked apples

This is the most popular diet dessert and at the same time hypoallergenic. Since allergy sufferers are not advised to eat fresh fruits, they can be baked. It will turn out not only tasty, but also good for the stomach. Apples are the perfect fruit for this dessert. They are baked not only in the oven, but also in the microwave, so the delicacy is prepared very quickly and easily. To make the dessert even more useful, you can fill the fruits with cottage cheese. Do not use only recipes in which honey must be added inside the apple.

Ingredients:

• apple - 3 pieces. ;
• sour cream with a low percentage of fat - 2 tbsp. l. ;
• cottage cheese - 100 g;
• vanillin - on the tip of a knife.

Cooking method:

1. Rinse the apples, cut the core, but so that the bottom of the fruit remains intact and a kind of cup is formed.
2. Mix the cottage cheese with sour cream, add vanillin, bring the mass to a homogeneous consistency.
3. Fill the apples with the curd mixture.
4. Put the fruit on a baking sheet, send to bake for 25-30 minutes at 200 degrees.